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Today, we celebrate the day the document's text was finalized. Though if you wanted to throw a barbecue on August 2nd, surely no one would or could complain. And for some more facts about the U. WaPo also notes that the English puritan William...[FREE] The General History Of Virginia Questions And Answers
The ship's original name has been lost to history. In , the Chicago City Council officially cleared Catherine—and her cow—from all blame. So, what really caused it? Well, to date, no one can say for sure. Some people suggest that men...
- Johnston, surrendered his army on April 26, , the war was all but over. President Andrew Johnson officially declared victory on May 9, Shutterstock Incorrect: France Correct: France—with some help from New York France was responsible for the iconic statue , but New York City had to scramble to crowdfund enough money to pay for the giant granite base that the statue sits on. Right outside of Sharpsburg, Maryland, the brutal Civil War battle resulted in nearly 23, American casualties. Shutterstock Incorrect: Religious freedom Correct: Economic opportunity Frankly, the pilgrims had already found an element of religious freedom in Holland.
- While it still remained a factor in their decision to set sail for the new world , the main reason for their journey was to find better economic opportunities. Henry Ford's Model T didn't hit the market until Shutterstock Incorrect: It's really windy! Correct: It's home to a whole lot of "windbag" politicians While Chicago certainly does experience some blustery weather, the name has nothing to do with the outdoor elements. Chi-town likely picked up its nickname because of the "long-winded" politicians that rose to power during the 19th century. It's unclear when exactly the moniker was first used, but it came such a ubiquitous term in newspapers throughout the s that it just stuck—for good.
- Shutterstock Incorrect: Thomas Edison or Benjamin Franklin Correct: It's unclear, but it wasn't either of the two you probably thought While one study found that 37 percent of Americans think that Benjamin Franklin invented the lightbulb and plenty of others would opt for Thomas Edison, neither man was truly the first behind that particular innovation. Shutterstock Incorrect: Betsy Ross Correct: Francis Hopkinson maybe Betsy Ross was never credited with the creation of the flag at any point during her lifetime.
- In fact, it wasn't until nearly a century later, in —two decades after her death, by the way—that anyone thought to give her credit. William J. Canby presented a paper on the matter to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and Ross was quickly established in American legend as the creator of the flag. Not for nothing: Canby was Ross' grandson. However, historians aren't percent sure Ross deserves the credit. Accounts differ on who the creator might have been, but some historians believe the honor belongs to Francis Hopkinson, a member of the Continental Congress—namely because he made the claim while he was still alive.
- And, according to The Life and Works of Francis Hopkinson, he just asked for one thing as payment: A quarter of one cask of wine, which he never received. While those who were persecuted did suffer horrible fates, they either died by hanging—like the 19 people who met their sad end on Gallows Hill—or, in the case of Giles Corey, were pressed to death with large stones.
- Interestingly, Corey's case is the only recorded death by pressing in U. In reality, Pocahontas was just 11 or 12 years old when Smith showed up. The real story is far less Disney-friendly. First, she was held captive by the English for some time. Then, she converted to Christianity, changed her name to Rebecca, and, when she turned 17, married a tobacco planter named John Rolfe. The two had a son and eventually traveled to England, where Pocahontas passed away when she was about 20 or 21 years old. Shutterstock Incorrect: October , Correct: September 3, It's true that Charles Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, —formally signing articles of capitulation two days later, effectively ending full-scale combat operations in the colonies.
- But the war didn't officially end until nearly three years later. In November , British and American representatives signed preliminary peace terms in Paris. However, fighting continued until September 3, , when Britain formally recognized American independence with the Treaty of Paris.
- In Virginia, the state legislature is responsible for drawing congressional and state legislative district boundaries. These lines are subject to the governor's veto power. The Virginia Constitution requires that congressional and state legislative districts be compact and contiguous. Republicans controlled the Virginia House of Delegates. Democrats controlled the Virginia State Senate. Legislators agreed to a state legislative redistricting map in , but a congressional redistricting plan was not completed before the election on November 8, Republicans took control of the Senate, and retained control of the House, at the election. In , a congressional redistricting plan was passed, and Gov.
- Bob McDonnell signed the legislation on January 25, Law governing redistricting criteria During the legislative session of the Virginia General Assembly , two identical bills—House Bill and Senate Bill —regarding redistricting criteria were approved. Districts shall be so constituted as to give, as nearly as is practicable, representation in proportion to the population of the district.
- A deviation of no more than five percent shall be permitted for state legislative districts. Districts shall be drawn in accordance with the requirements of the Constitution of the United States, including the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and the Constitution of Virginia; federal and state laws, including the federal Voting Rights Act of , as amended; and relevant judicial decisions relating to racial and ethnic fairness. No district shall be drawn that results in a denial or abridgement of the right of any citizen to vote on account of race or color or membership in a language minority group. No district shall be drawn that results in a denial or abridgement of the rights of any racial or language minority group to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice.
- A violation of this subdivision is established if, on the basis of the totality of the circumstances, it is shown that districts were drawn in such a way that members of a racial or language minority group are dispersed into districts in which they constitute an ineffective minority of voters or are concentrated into districts where they constitute an excessive majority. The extent to which members of a racial or language minority group have been elected to office in the state or the political subdivision is one circumstance that may be considered. Nothing in this subdivision shall establish a right to have members of a racial or language minority group elected in numbers equal to their proportion in the population.
- Districts shall be drawn to give racial and language minorities an equal opportunity to participate in the political process and shall not dilute or diminish their ability to elect candidates of choice either alone or in coalition with others. Districts shall be drawn to preserve communities of interest. For purposes of this subdivision, a "community of interest" means a neighborhood or any geographically defined group of people living in an area who share similar social, cultural, and economic interests. A "community of interest" does not include a community based upon political affiliation or relationship with a political party, elected official, or candidate for office. Districts shall be composed of contiguous territory, with no district contiguous only by connections by water running downstream or upriver, and political boundaries may be considered.
- Districts shall be composed of compact territory and shall be drawn employing one or more standard numerical measures of individual and average district compactness, both statewide and district by district. A map of districts shall not, when considered on a statewide basis, unduly favor or disfavor any political party. The whole number of persons reported in the most recent federal decennial census by the United States Bureau of the Census shall be the basis for determining district populations, except that no person shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of conviction and incarceration in a federal, state, or local correctional facility.
- Most states are required to draw new congressional district lines every 10 years following completion of United States Census those states comprising one congressional district are not required to redistrict. In 33 of these states, state legislatures play the dominant role in congressional redistricting. In eight states, commissions draw congressional district lines. In two states, hybrid systems are used, in which the legislatures share redistricting authority with commissions. The remaining states comprise one congressional district each, rendering redistricting unnecessary. See the map and table below for further details. In 33 of the 50 states, state legislatures play the dominant role in state legislative redistricting.
- Commissions draw state legislative district lines in 14 states. In three states, hybrid systems are used, in which state legislature share redistricting authority with commissions. One of the measures addressed campaign finance, one were related to election dates, five addressed election systems, three addressed redistricting, five addressed suffrage, and three addressed term limits. Click Show to read details about the election-related measures on statewide ballots in Election-related policy ballot measures in Campaign finance See also: Campaign finance on the ballot a Oregon Measure : Measure authorizes the state legislature and local governments to 1 enact laws or ordinances limiting campaign contributions and expenditures; 2 require disclosure of contributions and expenditures; and 3 require that political advertisements identify the people or entities that paid for them.
23 Basic American History Questions Most Americans Get Wrong
Going into the election, Oregon was one of five states with no limits on campaign contributions. Election dates a New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2 : The amendment allowed the state legislature to pass laws adjusting the election dates of state or county officeholders and adjusting office terms according to those date changes. Under the measure, laws proposing adjustments to election dates of non-statewide officeholders must be supported by a legislative finding that such a change would promote consistency or that it would evenly distribute the number of offices appearing on the ballot. Election systems a Alaska Ballot Measure 2 : Ballot Measure 2 replaced the state's partisan primaries with open top-four primaries for state executive, state legislative, and congressional offices and established ranked-choice voting for general elections, including the presidential election, in which voters would rank the candidates.- Under Amendment 3, all candidates would have run in the same primary election. The top-two candidates, regardless of their partisan affiliation, would have moved on to the general election under Amendment 3. As of , statewide elections in Massachusetts used a plurality voting system. Ballot Measure 2 repealed this requirement. Instead, Ballot Measure 2 provided that a candidate for governor or state office must receive a majority vote to win and that a runoff election would be held between the two highest vote-getters in the event that no candidate receives a majority vote.
Civics Questions And Answers For The 65/20 Special Consideration | USCIS
Amendment 3 repealed the non-partisan state demographer and returned the state to the use of bipartisan redistricting commissions, with changes to the number and selection of commissioners. The amendment also maintained the criteria of competitiveness and partisan fairness that was enacted in , but it loosened the partisan fairness requirement and required that population, voter rights abridgment, contiguous districts, simple shapes, and the rules for counties be considered with a higher priority. Question 3 postponed state legislative redistricting until after the election on November 2, , should the state receive federal census data after February 15, The U.- Census Bureau asked Congress to extend the deadline to deliver census data from April 1, , to July 31, , due to delays related to the coronavirus pandemic. Going into , the Virginia General Assembly was responsible for drawing the state's congressional and state legislative district boundaries. The redistricting plans were passed as legislation and subject to the governor's veto power.
- What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? Who is in charge of the executive branch? Who makes federal laws? Congress Senate and House of Representatives U. What are the two parts of the U. How many U. Senators are there? We elect a U. Senator for how many years? Senators now? The House of Representatives has how many voting members? Representative for how many years?
- Name your U. Who does a U. Senator represent? Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? We elect a President for how many years? In what month do we vote for President? November What is the name of the President of the United States now? Joe Biden What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? Kamala Harris If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President? If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? Who signs bills to become laws?
- Abigail Adams urged her husband to consider the rights of women ; Thomas Jefferson recognized that the existing institution of slavery presented not only a theoretical but a moral conundrum that would plague the young nation; religious minorities, like the Jewish Synagogue members in Philadelphia , asserted their right to be included as well. The principles of the Declaration — life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness — seemed as though they should be open to all. While in theory liberty and equality were open to all, for the sake of political prudence, the number of those who enjoyed full civil rights had to be more limited in practice. Rush appealed not only to prudence but to Providence , observing that these principles were only secure when the citizenry were firm in their commitment to virtue, and would otherwise become dangerous. It is difficult to determine on the standard by which the manners of a nation may be tried, whether catholic, or particular.
- It is more difficult for a native to bring to that standard the manners of his own nation, familiarized to him by habit. There must doubtless be an unhappy influence on the manners of our people produced by the existence of slavery among us. The whole commerce between master and slave is a perpetual exercise of the most boisterous passions, the most unremitting despotism on the one part, and degrading submissions on the other. Our children see this, and learn to imitate it; for man is an imitative animal. This quality is the germ of all education in him. From his cradle to his grave he is learning to do what he sees others do.
- If a parent could find no motive either in his philanthropy or his self-love, for restraining the intemperance of passion towards his slave, it should always be a sufficient one that his child is present. But generally it is not sufficient. The parent storms, the child looks on, catches the lineaments of wrath, puts on the same airs in the circle of smaller slaves, gives a loose to his worst of passions, and thus nursed, educated, and daily exercised in tyranny, cannot but be stamped by it with odious peculiarities.
- The man must be a prodigy who can retain his manners and morals undepraved by such circumstances. And with what execration should the statesman be loaded, who permitting one half the citizens thus to trample on the rights of the other, transforms those into despots, and these into enemies, destroys the morals of the one part, and the amor patriae of the other.
- For if a slave can have a country in this world, it must be any other in preference to that in which he is born to live and labor for another: in which he must lock up the faculties of his nature, contribute as far as depends on his individual endeavors to the evanishment of the human race, or entail his own miserable condition on the endless generations proceeding from him. With the morals of the people, their industry also is destroyed. For in a warm climate, no man will labor for himself who can make another labor for him. This is so true, that of the proprietors of slaves a very small proportion indeed are ever seen to labor. And can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties are of the gift of God? That they are not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep for ever: that considering numbers, nature and natural means only, a revolution of the wheel of fortune, an exchange of situation, is among possible events: that it may become probable by supernatural interference!
- The Almighty has no attribute which can take side with us in such a contest. But it is impossible to be temperate and to pursue this subject through the various considerations of policy, of morals, of history natural and civil. I think a change already perceptible, since the origin of the present revolution. The spirit of the master is abating, that of the slave rising from the dust, his condition mollifying, the way I hope preparing, under the auspices of heaven, for a total emancipation, and that this is disposed, in the order of events, to be with the consent of the masters, rather than by their extirpation.
Citizenship Questions For The US Naturalization Test With Answers | CivicsQuestions
Query XIX: The present state of manufactures, commerce, interior and exterior trade? Manufactures: We never had an interior trade of any importance. Our exterior commerce has suffered very much from the beginning of the present contest. During this time we have manufactured within our families the most necessary articles of clothing. Those of cotton will bear some comparison with the same kinds of manufacture in Europe; but those of wool, flax and hemp are very coarse, unsightly, and unpleasant; and such is our attachment to agriculture, and such our preference for foreign manufactures, that be it wise or unwise, our people will certainly return as soon as they can, to the raising of raw materials, and exchanging them for finer manufactures than they are able to execute themselves.- The political economists of Europe have established it as a principle that every state should endeavor to manufacture for itself; and this principle, like many others, we transfer to America, without calculating the difference of circumstance which should often produce a difference of result. In Europe the lands are either cultivated, or locked up against the cultivator. Manufacture must therefore be resorted to of necessity not of choice, to support the surplus of their people.
- But we have an immensity of land courting the industry of the husbandman. Is it best then that all our citizens should be employed in its improvement, or that one half should be called off from that to exercise manufactures and handicraft arts for the other? Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever he had a chosen people, whose breasts he has made his peculiar deposit for substantial and genuine virtue. It is the focus 1 in which he keeps alive that sacred fire, which otherwise might escape from the face of the earth. Corruption of morals in the mass of cultivators is a phenomenon of which no age nor nation has furnished an example. It is the mark set on those, who not looking up to heaven, to their own soil and industry, as does the husbandman, for their subsistence, depend for it on the casualties and caprice of customers. Dependence begets subservience and venality, suffocates the germ of virtue, and prepares fit tools for the designs of ambition. This, the natural progress and consequence of the arts, has sometimes perhaps been retarded by accidental circumstances: but, generally speaking, the proportion which the aggregate of the other classes of citizens bears in any state to that of its husbandmen, is the proportion of its unsound to its healthy parts, and is a good-enough barometer whereby to measure its degree of corruption.
Close Reading, Text Annotation, Text-Dependent Questions, And Paired Passages – Oh My!!!
While we have land to labor then, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a workbench, or twirling a distaff. Carpenters, masons, smiths, are wanting in husbandry; but, for the general operations of manufacture, let our workshops remain in Europe. It is better to carry provisions and materials to workmen there, than bring them to the provisions and materials, and with them their manners and principles. The loss by the transportation of commodities across the Atlantic will be made up in happiness and permanence of government.Notes On The State Of Virginia: Queries 18 & 19 - Teaching American History
The mobs of great cities add just so much to the support of pure government, as sores do to the strength of the human body. It is the manners and spirit of a people which preserve a republic in vigor. A degeneracy in these is a canker which soon eats to the heart of its laws and constitution. Study Questions A. What groups or categories appear to be excluded? What qualifications or attributes are required for citizenship? What is the relationship between virtue and republican citizenship? How is virtue to be measured? How is it to be promoted? What is the relationship between citizenship and labor?- Where else do we see the concern for national virtue raised as a matter of political consequence? How does the discussion of citizenship, and the understanding of the groups included in that concept, compare to that in other periods of American history?
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